Development of Health Management Through History

Abstract

Background: One of the main goals of any organization is to achieve certain success, in fact it is the reason for the existence of any organization. Management provides the framework and basis for the control system required to maintain each organization. Management theorists believe that the knowledge and management skills are universal and apply equally to all business processes. Objective: The aim of this article is to present development of health management through history based on facts from appropriate literature as sources. Methods: The method is systematic review of the facts described in the published scientific papers about general and health management stored in scientific databases PubMed Central, Hinari, Scopus, EBSCO, etc., which are relevant to be used in the praxis. Results and Discussion: Management as a method or management skills traces its roots back to the original creation of the human society. In primary community, a human was performing its duties intuitive, and later taught preceding experience, began to plan and organize work activities to help them to more efficiently perform it. That is why it is claimed that management, as a complex activity, is old as human civilization itself. Health management plays a key role in providing a good health care quality, ultimately improving the health of an entire population. Therefore, it is important to provide good education in management to physicians who aspire to be managers and to lead hospitals, clinics and different health institutions. Management in the health care system is an area of scientific management which in terms of economic, socio-economic and socio-political change, crisis and political change, crisis and extraordinary circumstances requires more attention. The world clearly shows a significant interest in the role of all managers in the health sector and highlights the importance of a good and professional managers to solve problems in the functioning of health institutions and their services. At the same time, in the developed countries, the schools of management flourishing by training the managers in managerial skills. Efficiency refers to doing things in a right manner. Scientifically, it is defined as the output to input ratio and focuses on getting the maximum output with minimum resources. Effectiveness, on the other hand, refers to doing the right things. It constantly measures if the actual output meets the desired output. Therefore, efficiency is generally an internal measure and effectiveness an external measure. Conclusion: Health care services, like any other business, need effective managers. Medical and health service managers are either specialists, supervising a clinical department, or generalists, overseeing an entire facility. All management theory in one way or another were good, but could never be uniform for all organizations. That is why today the new theory is based on the fact that each organization requires specific that and that every requires form of management appropriate for it.