Abstract
The greatest challenges for the commercialization of aqueous organic redox flow batteries are long lifetime and low mass-production cost of organic active species. Here we report several advances in this regard. We developed a new synthetic route for extremely stable anthraquinones from inexpensive precursor anthracene. Further, we demonstrated that high pH suppresses the decomposition of this anthraquinone negolyte, leading to a demonstrated capacity fade rate of <1%/year, which represents the lowest fade rate, in the absence of rebalancing techniques, of any flow battery ever published – organic or inorganic. Additionally, we report progress in reducing the production cost of high-performance anthraquinones with one-pot synthesis methods in aqueous conditions.
Published Version
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