Development of diseases and pests in winter wheat crops depending on agrotechnical measures

Abstract

Aim. To identify the most effective agrotechnical measures to control the number of pests in winter wheat crops. Methods. Field, laboratory, and analytical research methods. We conducted field research as monitoring surveys. Results. The article presents the results of long-term studies of the phytosanitary state of winter wheat crops under various agrotechnical and immunological activities. Conclusions. According to the results of the Department of Plant protection from pests and diseases of the NSC «Institute of Agriculture of NAAS», the timely and high-quality application of agrotechnical measures within 4-5 years allows to reduce the species diversity and the number of populations of pests and pathogens to the threshold level. According to the results of long-term studies, a satisfactory phytosanitary condition of winter wheat crops is provided by late sowing dates (I-II decades of October); the introduction of perennial grasses into the crop rotation as a precursor of winter wheat significantly reduces damage to plants by pests and diseases; introduction of sugar beets in four-field and three-field crop rotation instead of corn, oat, and barley; extension of crop rotation due to the introduction of an additional field of sunflower in the four-field crop rotation; with saturation of crop rotation with cereals up to 40%; under alternative fertilization systems and at moderate doses of mineral fertilizers, in particular nitrogen N30; the development and prevalence of root rot, and damage to stems by cereal flies decreased on the unfertilized background under no-till farming. We identified varieties with group resistance to diseases and pests Polisyanka (to powdery mildew, leaf septoria, root rot, cereal aphid, and wheat thrips) and Pamiati Hirka (to powdery mildew, spikelet septoria, olive mold, and bread sawfly).