Development of dialkyl-triazolium ionogels for printed supercapacitor

Abstract

The use of electrolytes has a very crucial role in supercapacitors. Liquid electrolytes cause many problems, like leakage, whereas aqueous electrolytes show only lower potential windows. These are improved by ionic liquid gel polymer electrolytes. In this work, we have synthesized 4 ILs, namely 1,4-dipropyl-1,2,4-triazolium BF4,1-propyl-4-butyl-1,2,4-triazolium BF4, 1,4-dipropyl-1,2,4-triazolium PF6,and 1-propyl-4-butyl-1,2,4-triazolium PF6 and studied their thermal and electrochemical properties. From them, the most efficient 1,4-dipropyl-1,2,4-triazolium BF4 IL is combined with PVA polymer, made into gel polymer electrolyte, coated over a carbon screen-printed electrode, and tested. The fabricated solid-state capacitor prototype yields a capacitance of 98.8 mFcm−2 at a least scan rate of 2 mV/s and the calculated areal energy density and areal power density were 0.221 µWh and 52 µWcm−2 respectively. Cyclic stability with GCD gave 80 % capacitive retention even after 3000 cycles.