Development Of Critical Thinking Of Students In Educational Process

Abstract

The authors of the article raise the problem of the students’ critical thinking development in the educational process of secondary school. The urgency of the problem is substantiated, the purpose of the research is outlined, the theoretical positions of scientists whose scientific interests lie in the field of solving the problem of students’ critical thinking development are reflected. The basic theoretical positions of scientists underlying the disclosure of the essence of the concept of "critical thinking" are defined here: the definition of the concept of "critical thinking", the stages of formation of the essence of this concept, the functions of critical thinking (evaluative, stimulating, search for truth, etc.), the ways of application of critical thinking, etc. The authors formulate the techniques of the students’ critical thinking development: the use of a graphical image of the structure of arguments for the proof and formulation of the thesis, techniques for contextual retelling, evaluation of the text, narrowing, questions (in the context of the topic of the lesson, the problems of modernity, etc.), techniques of finding of sophisms in the text, etc. The authors give the list of questions for writing a critical analysis, which is based on four laws of logic. The authors offer a sample of a critical analysis of the article "Personality as a subject of history" by P. I. Belyaev for students of the 10th grade (subject: the History of Russia), topic: "Political repressions of the 30s".