Abstract
A forward osmosis (FO) membrane was developed from a mixture of chitosan and Dioscorea hispida starch, cross-linked using glutaraldehyde. The cross-linked chitosan/starch membrane was revealed to have high mechanical properties with an asymmetric structure. The prepared membrane’s performance was investigated as an FO filter assembled in a polypropylene water filter bag and aluminum foil plastic. In order to study the FO process, brackish water was used as a feed solution, drawn using three types of solution (fructose, sucrose, and fructose/sucrose mixture, each with 3 M concentration). The maximum water flux (5.75 L/m2 h) was achieved using 3 M sucrose. The cross-linked membrane restrained the ions in the feed with a rejection factor value close to 100%. The water quality parameters were evaluated for the physical, chemical, and biological criteria, such as pH, salinity, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), heavy metals, and Escherichia coli content. The water quality parameters for the FO-processed water met that set by the World Health Organization for drinking water. FO filter bags with cross-linked chitosan/starch membranes can be an option to produce drinking water during an emergency.
Highlights
Water is a natural resource that is essential for human life and supports various daily activities [1].Water is the primary component of life and contributes to vital functions within the human body [2].The demand for clean and fresh water, especially for consumption purposes, is expected to increase annually, along with the surge in human population and an increase in global water pollution [2].For instance, global water consumption in the 1900s was 358 km3 per year and it increased five-fold to1500 km3 per year in the 2000s
The isolation of starch was carried out using distilled water as a solvent and the solubility of starch was assisted by the addition of sodium bisulfite into the D. hispida slurry
This study indicated that the modified chitosan membrane was successfully applied to manufacture drinking water bags for the forward osmosis (FO) process
Summary
Water is a natural resource that is essential for human life and supports various daily activities [1].Water is the primary component of life and contributes to vital functions within the human body [2].The demand for clean and fresh water, especially for consumption purposes, is expected to increase annually, along with the surge in human population and an increase in global water pollution [2].For instance, global water consumption in the 1900s was 358 km per year and it increased five-fold to1500 km per year in the 2000s. Water is a natural resource that is essential for human life and supports various daily activities [1]. Water is the primary component of life and contributes to vital functions within the human body [2]. The demand for clean and fresh water, especially for consumption purposes, is expected to increase annually, along with the surge in human population and an increase in global water pollution [2]. Global water consumption in the 1900s was 358 km per year and it increased five-fold to. Despite the abundance of the earth’s water sources, only about 1% of them can be consumed directly, while the other 97% are in the form of seawater, which is unsafe to consume directly [3]. Water is considered a significant world resource problem, along with food and energy [4]
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