Abstract
Key messageDisomic alien chromosome addition Brassica carinata lines with super-high erucic acid content were developed through interspecific hybridization with B. juncea and characterized using molecular, cytological and biochemical techniques.Brassica carinata [A.] Braun (BBCC, 2n = 34) is a climate-resilient oilseed. Its seed oil is high in erucic acid (> 40%), rendering it well suited for the production of biofuel and other bio-based applications. To enhance the competitiveness of B. carinata with high erucic B. napus (HEAR), lines with super-high erucic acid content were developed through interspecific hybridization. To this end, a fad2B null allele from Brassica juncea (AABB, 2n = 36) was introgressed into B. carinata, resulting in a B. carinata fad2B mutant with erucic acid levels of over 50%. Subsequently, the FAE allele from B. rapa spp. yellow sarson (AA, 2n = 20) was transferred to the fad2B B. carinata line, yielding lines with erucic acid contents of up to 57.9%. Molecular analysis using the Brassica 90 K Illumina Infinium™ SNP genotyping array identified these lines as disomic alien chromosome addition lines, with two extra A08 chromosomes containing the BrFAE gene. The alien chromosomes from B. rapa were clearly distinguished by molecular cytogenetics in one of the addition lines. Analysis of microspore-derived offspring and hybrids from crosses with a CMS B. carinata line showed that the transfer rate of the A08 chromosome into male gametes was over 98%, resulting in almost completely stable transmission of an A08 chromosome copy into the progeny. The increase in erucic acid levels was accompanied by changes in the proportions of other fatty acids depending on the genetic changes that were introduced in the interspecific hybrids, providing valuable insights into erucic acid metabolism in Brassica.
Highlights
Brassica carinata, known as Ethiopian or Abyssinian mustard, is a member of the Brassicaceae family
C22:1 levels were increased in B. carinata by either a cosuppression or antisense construct of omega-6 fatty acid desaturase (FAD2) (Jadhav et al 2005) through an increase in the amount of the substrate C18:1
Erucic acid is one of several hundred unusual fatty acids produced by plants (Ohlrogge et al 2018) and is found almost exclusively in triacylglycerols (TAGs) in the seed oil of the Brassicaceae family and the genus Limnanthes (Shi et al 2015)
Summary
Known as Ethiopian or Abyssinian mustard, is a member of the Brassicaceae (mustard) family. (2n = 18) (U 1935; Prakash et al 2011). While the cultivation of Ethiopian mustard as an oilseed and vegetable crop in East Africa dates back several millennia (Simmonds 1979), interest in this crop in other geographic regions is relatively recent. This interest primarily stems from the well-documented heat and drought tolerance of this crop (Cohen and Knowles 1983; Ferreres et al 1984; Malik 1990), and its potential to serve as a dedicated feedstock crop for biofuel production and other industrial applications (Taylor et al 2010, Marillia et al 2014)
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