Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly reactive gas molecule, exhibiting antimicrobial properties. Because of its reactive nature, it is challenging to store and deliver NO efficiently as a therapeutic agent. The objective of this study was to develop NO-releasing polymeric fibers (NO-fibers), as an effective delivery platform for NO. NO-fibers were fabricated with biopolymer solutions of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and ethylcellulose (EC), and derivatives of N-diazeniumdiolate (NONOate) as NO donor molecules, using an electrospinning system. We evaluated in vitro NO release kinetics, along with antimicrobial effects and cytotoxicity in microorganisms and human cell culture models. We also studied the long-term stability of NONOates in NO-fibers over 12 months. We demonstrated that the NO-fibers could release NO over 24 h, and showed inhibition of the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), without causing cytotoxicity in human cells. NO-fibers were able to store NONOates for over 12 months at room temperature. This study presents the development of NO-fibers, and the feasibility of NO-fibers to efficiently store and deliver NO, which can be further developed as a bandage.
Highlights
The delivery of gases has attracted great attention from researchers over the years, with its potential applications ranging from medicine to the environment and energy storage [1]
We demonstrated the feasibility of the electrospinning process to fabricate
nitric oxide (NO)-fibers were fabricated from biopolymer solutions of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and EC, and the following three different NONOate derivatives: PROLI, DPTA, and DETA–NONOate
Summary
The delivery of gases has attracted great attention from researchers over the years, with its potential applications ranging from medicine to the environment and energy storage [1]. The use of highly porous solid materials (e.g., zeolites, metal–organic frameworks, polymers) for storage and subsequent delivery has been explored recently, as they offer many advantages compared to storing gases in a bottle or tank [2,3]. These porous materials allow for an increase in storage capacity, owing to their high surface-tovolume ratio, as more gas can be stored within a given volume of solid than in a tank under high pressure [1]. Highly porous solid materials, polymers, are considered to be an effective delivery platform for nitric oxide (NO)
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