Abstract
ObjectiveSeveral studies have demonstrated that anisotropic phantoms can be utilized for diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. The purpose of our study was to examine whether wood is suitable as an anisotropic phantom material from the viewpoints of affordability and availability. In the current study, wood was used for restricted diffusion, and fibers were used for hindered diffusion.Materials and methodsWood and fiber phantoms were made. Diffusion kurtosis images were acquired with three magnetic resonance scanners. Fractional anisotropy, radial diffusivity, axial diffusivity, radial kurtosis and axial kurtosis values were measured. The wood phantom was imaged, and its durability was confirmed. The phantoms were imaged in varying orientations within the magnetic field. The wood was observed using an optical microscope.ResultsTen kinds of wood and the fiber had a diffusion metrics. The wood diffusion metrics suggested low variation over a period of 9 months. Changing the orientation of the phantoms within the magnetic field resulted in changes in diffusion metrics. Observation of wood vessels and fibers was conducted.DiscussionWood and fibers have anisotropy and are promising as phantom materials. The development of anisotropic phantoms that anyone can use is useful for diffusion magnetic resonance imaging research and clinical applications.
Highlights
In clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) provide image contrasts that are different from conventional imaging methods, and are useful for diagnosing diseases that are currently difficult to differentiate [1]
Three types of phantoms were made: an fractional anisotropy (FA)-diffusivity value phantom, which consisted of five kinds of wood; a radial kurtosis (RK)–axial kurtosis (AK) value phantom, which consisted of an additional five kinds of wood not used in the FA-diffusivity value phantom; and a fiber phantom, which consisted of Tsunooga
Phantoms were installed within the coil such that the wood fibers were perpendicular to the magnetic field and the Tsunooga fibers were parallel to the magnetic field
Summary
In clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) provide image contrasts that are different from conventional imaging methods, and are useful for diagnosing diseases that are currently difficult to differentiate [1]. DTI [5], which involves estimation by multivariate regression of water diffusivity with anisotropy, and DKI [6], which can provide a contrast reflecting complicated diffusion motion in vivo, were both developed from DWI. There have been studies on DTI and DKI [7, 8], and studies on anisotropic phantoms [9, 10]. The aim of the current study was to assess whether wood is suitable as an anisotropic phantom material. Novel anisotropic phantoms may advance the clinical application of DTI and DKI, and enable experiments
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