Abstract
An analytical method for multi-elementary determination in powder refreshment, based on sample digestion using dilute mineral acids and detection by inductively plasma coupled optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) is proposed. Chemometric tools, such as fractional factorial design and principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were applied to optimize the sample preparation conditions in closed block digester, and Doehlert design for spectrometer operation. Addition and recovery tests and analyses of certified reference material were performed to evaluate the precision and accuracy, and the results confirm the reliability of the proposed method. Limits of quantification (LOQ) between 0.02 and 36 μg g−1 were obtained. The analytical method was applied for determination of 24 inorganic constituents in 20 powder refreshment samples. Calcium, K, Mg, Na, P, S and Ti presented the highest concentrations. The analytical method was adequate for the determinations of inorganic constituents in powder refreshment samples by ICP OES.
Highlights
Processed liquid fruit juices are usually prepared from fruits in natura and are widely consumed as an alternative source of nutrients such as vitamins, proteins, macro and microelements and other phytochemicals in human nutrition.[1,2]Alternatively, powdered drink mixes, known as powder refreshments, are increasingly and widelyDevelopment of Analytical Method for Determination of Inorganic Constituents in Powder RefreshmentJ
Factorial design was applied to evaluate the influence of the factors on the digestion procedure, employed to the powder refreshment samples, through the obtained concentrations of Al, Ba, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Sr, Ti and Zn in grape flavor commercial sample by inductively plasma coupled optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES)
Precision and accuracy were achieved for the multi-elementary determinations in twenty powder refreshment samples by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) OES
Summary
Processed liquid fruit juices are usually prepared from fruits in natura and are widely consumed as an alternative source of nutrients such as vitamins, proteins, macro and microelements and other phytochemicals in human nutrition.[1,2]Alternatively, powdered drink mixes, known as powder refreshments, are increasingly and widelyDevelopment of Analytical Method for Determination of Inorganic Constituents in Powder RefreshmentJ. Powder refreshment is defined by Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, MAPA), through Ordinance No 544, November 16, 1998,11 as “the product based on fruit juice or plant extracts and sugars, it may contain hypocaloric and non-caloric sweeteners, for immediate preparation and consumption by addition of drinking water”. The following chemical elements and respective maximum concentrations (in mg kg−1) are considered as contaminants in refreshment and soda: arsenic (0.20), cadmium (0.20), copper (5.00), chromium (0.10), lead (0.20), mercury (0.01), nickel (0.10), selenium (0.30), tin (250.00), and zinc (5.00), according to Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, ANVISA).[12] Dyes are the main additives of the colorants contained in these products, and are added aiming color intensification, correction of natural variations of the color, and to compensate for discoloration due to exposure to light, air, temperature, humidity and storage.[10] Chemical preservatives are part of the powder refreshment formulation and are used in form of salt to avoid degradation and to increase the shelf life of the product before consumption.[13]
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