Abstract
This study is the first to propose the simultaneous quantification of 10 elements in fruits of Casearia fasciculata by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). A method of digestion using dilute nitric acid was optimized by mixture design for extraction of elements in the seed, peel, and pulp of Casearia fasciculata cultivated in the Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil. Four different approaches were used to evaluate the digestion procedure ((i) desirability; (ii) multiple response; (iii) residual carbon content and (iv) residual acidity). The accuracy of the method of digestion was applied for the extraction of the studied elements in two certified reference materials (RM-Agro E1001a Brachiaria brizantha and NIST 1515 apple leaves). The limits of quantification of the method (µg g−1) were: Cr, 0.42; Cu, 0.69; Fe, 1.5; Mn, 0.14; Zn, 1.8; Ca, 29.0; K, 3.5; Mg, 1.9; P, 6.4; and S, 17. Two multivariate tools, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), were efficient in the formation of groups, corresponding to the fruit parts. Thus, the peel and seed of Casearia fasciculata present potential to be used as mineral supplements in human nutrition.
Highlights
Different methods that apply inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) as a multi-element technique use multiple response as a tool to establish an ideal experimental condition that is feasible for all analytes
Our study is the first to propose the simultaneous quantification of 10 elements in fruits of Casearia fasciculata by ICP OES
The digestion with diluted nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide proved to be an efficient alternative for sample preparation of food matrices
Summary
The characterization of food consumed by the population is an activity of extreme importance since, through the concentrations of the chemical components, it is possible to obtain information about food and nutritional security. Foods that present labels containing information about the composition end up having greater capacity of commercialization and acceptance by consumers.[1]. The lack of information about food is even more pronounced in regions of the Brazilian semi-arid region, especially in fruits of the Salicaceae family, which stands out for its economic and medicinal importance, besides presenting several attractive biological activities.[2]. The determination of low metal concentrations in food matrices requires the use of sufficiently sensitive and versatile techniques, and can be performed using a variety of analytical techniques such as laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), neutron activation analysis (NAA), microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometry (MIP OES), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS).[6].
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