Abstract
An ionic liquid-based microwave-assisted extraction method (ILMAE) was successfully applied for the extraction of taxifolin from Larix gmelinii. Different kinds of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids with different kinds of cations and anions were studied and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide was chosen as the optimal solvent for taxifolin extraction. The optimal conditions of ILMAE were determined by single factor experiments and Box-Behnken design as follows: [C4mim]Br concentration of 1.00 M, soaking time of 2 h, liquid-solid ratio of 15:1 mL/g, microwave irradiation power of 406 W, microwave irradiation time of 14 min. No degradation of taxifolin had been observed under the optimum conditions as evidenced from the stability studies performed with standard taxifolin. Compared with traditional solvent and methods, ILMAE provided higher extraction yield, lower energy and time consumption. The distribution of taxifolin in different parts of larch and the influences of age, orientation, and season on the accumulation of taxifolin were analyzed for the sufficient utilization of L. gmelinii.
Highlights
Larix gmelinii is a medium-sized deciduous coniferous tree mainly found distributed in the Hinggan Mountains of China, North Sakhalin, and East Siberia [1]
The extraction yield of target compounds might be obviously affected by the physical and chemical properties of ionic liquids, while the two properties can be significantly influenced by their structure [29]
The results indicated that ionic liquids with BF4− and Br− anions were more efficient for the extraction of taxifolin (Br− being the most efficient)
Summary
Larix gmelinii (larch) is a medium-sized deciduous coniferous tree mainly found distributed in the Hinggan Mountains of China, North Sakhalin, and East Siberia [1]. The amount of L. gmelinii is the largest among the other tree species of China. Due to its particular physical characteristics, such as rigidness, straight grain and corrosion resistance, larch has been widely applied to building and furniture manufacture and as a result large amounts of side products (logging slashes, bucking residues, and processing residues) are produced every year. Recent studies have reported that two bioactive compounds—taxifolin and arabinogalactan—exist in L. gmelinii [2,3]. Compared with other plant sources of taxifolin such as Rosa davurica [4], Engelhardtia roxburghiana [5] and Silybum marianum [6], L. gmelinii accounts for a large proportion mainly because the timber yield and taxifolin content of
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