Abstract
The penetration of power electronic based equipment in the power grid has increased the co-occurrence of electromechanical and electromagnetic transients. Significant research efforts have been focused in the last decade to study these interactions. Frequency dependent transmission line models are indispensable to understand such interactions. This paper describes a systematic procedure for the development of an experimental scaled-down 220 V frequency dependent transmission line model of a 230 kV transmission line. A reduced order lumped parameter frequency dependent transmission line using modal transformation is derived for the 230 kV transmission line and scaled-down to 220 V. Clarke and inverse Clarke transformations are implemented using specially designed 1- $\phi $ transformers. The inductances of the scaled-down model are realized using amorphous cores. Line energization, balanced, and unbalanced fault studies are carried out using the experimental line. The experimental results are compared with the simulation results of a universal line and a constant parameter $\pi $ -model using EMTP-RV. The proposed experimental line properly captured important features of the frequency dependent line such as smoother wave shape during energization, traveling time, currents, and voltage magnitudes during the fault and after the fault removal.
Highlights
The synchronous generator dominated power systems have been gradually transforming into the converter dominant power grids with high penetration of renewable energy sources, HVDC transmission and FACTS devices
This line is referred as SD-lumped parameter frequency dependent (LPFD) line
Development of a scaled-down lumped parameter frequency dependent transmission line model is proposed in this paper
Summary
The synchronous generator dominated power systems have been gradually transforming into the converter dominant power grids with high penetration of renewable energy sources, HVDC transmission and FACTS devices. In this paper an attempt is made to physically realize a lumped parameter frequency dependent (LPFD) model proposed in [36]. LINE SELECTION & LPFD MODEL In [43], frequency dependent lines for the WECC system are obtained by properly choosing the tower and conductor configurations close to the practical towers [47] so that the per-km impedances and the steady state power flows are matched as much as possible to the original system From these lines of WECC 3-machine 9-bus system, a un-transposed line between buses 7 and 8 is chosen for physical realization in this paper.
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