Abstract
Water pollution by heavy metals represents several health risks. Conventional technologies employed to eliminate lead ions from residual or drinking water are expensive, therefore an efficient and low-cost technique is required and adsorption processes are a good alternative. In this work, the goal was to determine the adsorption capacity of a Disordered Mesoporous Silica 1 material (DMS-1) functionalized with amino groups, for Pb(II) ions removal. DMS-1 was prepared by sol-gel method and the incorporation of amino groups was performed by ex-situ method. As the source of amine groups, (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) was used and three different xNH2/DMS-1 molar ratios (0.2, 0.3, 0.4) were evaluated. In order to evaluate the incorporation of the amino group into the mesopore channels, thermal and structural analysis were made through Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), nitrogen adsorption–desorption at 77 K by Specific Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (SBET) method, Fourier Transfer Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The higher Pb(II) ions removal was achieved with the 0.3 molar proportion of xNH2/DMS-1 reaching 99.44% efficiency. This result suggests that the functionalized material can be used as an efficient adsorbent for Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution.
Highlights
Lead is a heavy metal that has produced considerable interest due to the health risks it causes, even at low concentrations [1,2]
Our preliminary study demonstrated that the Disordered Mesoporous Silica 1 (DMS-1) functionalized with thiol groups exhibit the suitable textural properties for its use as an adsorbent to remove Hg(II) ions from water [35]
It is commonly believed that the more amino groups bonded to the silica surface the better cations removal from an aqueous solution, the results presented in this work shows that ammonia content should be optimized to obtain the maxima of lead removal
Summary
Lead is a heavy metal that has produced considerable interest due to the health risks it causes, even at low concentrations [1,2]. Exposure to this metal causes damage to the brain, kidneys, liver and nervous system. Lead poisoning causes a physical developmental delay in infants and children [10,11,12,13]. Public health policies are necessary to prevent lead poisoning in underdeveloped and developing countries [14]. In México, the Secretary of Health established a maximum permissible concentration of
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