Abstract
The use of growth-promoting agents in food-producing animals is economically very attractive for farmers. Due to proven side effects of substance residues for the consumer, the administration of growth-promoting agents is forbidden in the EU and this ban is well controlled.
Highlights
Anabolic agents like steroid hormones or β-agonists are used in food-producing animals in order to increase muscle mass and reduce fat content [1,2]
Substance residues are detected in different organs and matrices, like blood, urine, hair, eyeballs and other tissues using immunoassays or chromatography methods combined with mass spectrometry [3]
One group was untreated, the second group was treated with a combination of progesterone plus estradiol benzoate and the last group was treated with clenbuterol
Summary
Anabolic agents like steroid hormones or β-agonists are used in food-producing animals in order to increase muscle mass and reduce fat content [1,2]. Due to proven side effects of substance residues for the consumer, the use of all growth promoting agents is forbidden within the European Union (EU) (Directives 96/22/EC, 96/23 EC, 2008/97/EC) To monitor this ban, routine controls are performed in animal samples from stables and slaughterhouses. Routine controls are performed in animal samples from stables and slaughterhouses Within this control system, substance residues are detected in different organs and matrices, like blood, urine, hair, eyeballs and other tissues using immunoassays or chromatography methods combined with mass spectrometry [3]. The distinction between endogenous hormones and natural hormones that are applied exogenously is methodically demanding Another challenge is the detection of hormone cocktails, where a mixture of different growth promoters is applied, and each hormone in a concentration lower than the detection limit of the certified control methods [4]. In order to be applicable a screening method for treated animals, the ideal biomarker pattern should be independent of the applied anabolic substances, or other conditions, like breed, age, gender or even species
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