Abstract
The saltiness enhancement effect is the effect whereby saltiness is enhanced by adding specific substances to salt (sodium chloride). Since this effect can be used in the development of salt-reduced foods, a method to objectively evaluate the saltiness with this effect is required. A taste sensor with lipid/polymer membranes has been used to quantify the taste of food and beverages in recent years. The sensor electrodes of this taste sensor have the feature of selectively responding to each of the five basic tastes, which is realized by the lipid/polymer membranes. In this study, we developed a new saltiness sensor based on the lipid/polymer membrane with the aim of quantifying the saltiness enhancement effect. In addition to the conventional components of a lipid, plasticizer, and polymer supporting reagent, the membrane we developed comprises ionophores, which selectively capture sodium ions. As a result, the response of the sensor increased logarithmically with the activity of NaCl in measured samples, similarly to the taste response of humans. In addition, all of the sensor responses increased upon adding saltiness-enhancing substances, such as citric acid, tartaric acid and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), to NaCl samples. These findings suggest that it is possible to quantify the saltiness enhancement effect using a taste sensor with lipid/polymer membranes.
Highlights
The taste qualities perceived by humans when they taste food or beverages are saltiness, sourness, sweetness, bitterness and umami
The lipid/polymer membrane comprising ionophores and in anions in sample solutions become less to electrodes interact with the ISEtomembrane
The lipid/polymer membranes used in commercial taste sensor electrodes lipid/polymer membrane was pasted to the receptive parts of hollow bars made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
Summary
The taste qualities perceived by humans when they taste food or beverages are saltiness, sourness, sweetness, bitterness and umami. These tastes are called the “five basic tastes,” and each taste has a corresponding biological role or feature. The sweetness of, for example, sugar indicates a source of energy for the body, whereas bitterness is a signal of poison. As considered in this study, is the taste conferred by sodium and other ions and indicates the existence of minerals. Saltiness contributes to the deliciousness of food and is routinely used to emphasize the taste of food.
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