Development of a rapid and visual nucleotide detection method for a Chinese epidemic strain of Orientia tsutsugamushi based on recombinase polymerase amplification assay and lateral flow test

Abstract

ObjectivesOrientia tsutsugamushi is an obligate intracellular pathogen that causes scrub typhus. Diagnosing scrub typhus remains a challenge, and a sensitive, specific, simple, and rapid diagnostic test is still needed. MethodsA recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay combined with a lateral flow (LF) test targeting the 56-kDa gene of a Karp-like strain of O. tsutsugamushi was developed and optimized. The detection limits, sensitivity, specificity, and simulative clinical performance were evaluated. ResultsPrimers and probe were screened to establish the RPA assay, and the reaction conditions were optimized. The detection limit was 10 copies/reaction in detecting plasmid DNA and 12 copies/reaction in detecting genomic DNA. The RPA–LF method could differentiate O. tsutsugamushi from other phylogenetically related bacteria. The sensitivity was 100% and specificity was over 90%, when evaluated using infected animal samples or simulative clinical samples. Furthermore, the method was completed in 20min at 37°C followed by a 3–5min incubation at room temperature for the development of an immunochromatographic strip, and the results could be determined visually. ConclusionsThis method is promising for wide-ranging use in basic medical units considering that it requires minimal instruments and infrastructure and is highly time-efficient, sensitive, and specific for diagnosing scrub typhus.