Development of a procedure for determining the mixing ratios in ecotoxicological experiments and its application in binary salt mixture experiments.

Abstract

Although a plethora of models exist to describe the characteristics and risk assessment of chemical mixtures in ecotoxicology, there is no specific procedure to decide on the mixing ratios (i.e. proportions of the individual chemical substances that form the mixture) at any desired level of concentration in an ecotoxicological mixture experiment. In this study, an attempt was made to develop a procedure for determining the mixing ratios in ecotoxicological experiments. In brief, from a single salt exposure test, the relative toxic fractions, which represent the toxic effect exerted by the individual salts, are determined. Thereafter, the proportions of each individual salt at any level of concentration in the mixture are estimated by multiplying the desired concentration with the relative toxic fraction of that particular salt. The procedure was applied to ecotoxicological experiments involving four binary salt mixtures (MgCl2 + MgSO4, NaCl + Na2SO4, MgCl2 + Na2SO4 and NaCl + MgSO4) and Caridina nilotica, an indigenous South African freshwater shrimp. It is hoped that the application of this developed procedure will ensure administering the correct proportions of individual chemical substances in chemical mixtures in order to obtain the desired levels of concentration in aquatic ecotoxicological mixture experiments.