Development of a Particle Agglutination Method with Soluble Virus Receptor for Identification of Poliovirus

Abstract

In the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, laboratory diagnosis plays a critical role by isolating and identifying poliovirus (PV) from the stool samples of patients with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). In this study, we developed a particle agglutination (PA) method with a soluble human PV receptor (hPVR) in the form of an immunoadhesin (PVR-IgG2a) for the simple and rapid identification of PV. Sensitized gelatin particles with PVR-IgG2a showed specific agglutination with the culture fluid of PV-infected cells within 2 h of reaction in a one-step procedure. Detection limits for type 1, 2, and 3 PV(Sabin) strains were 1.5 x 10(6) 50% cell culture infectious doses (CCID(50)), 5.3 x 10(5) CCID(50), and 9.1 x 10(5) CCID(50), respectively. Wild-type PVs and PV isolates from acute flaccid paralysis cases examined were identified correctly with this PA method, except for some samples with a mixture of different serotypes of PVs, where a minor population of PV failed to be detected. These results suggest that this PA method is useful for the simple and rapid identification of PV, although the sensitivity was not high enough to detect a minor population of PV (<1/10 of the major population) among mixed PVs.