Abstract
All Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) projects require the transportation of CO2 from a source to a storage location. Although, a compressor and a large diameter pipeline is the normal method used to achieve this, liquefaction, shipping and pumping is sometimes attractive. Identifying the economic optimum is important for all CCS projects, minimizing energy consumption is also important because it corresponds to a resource efficiency in fossil-fuel based projects. This article describes the development and validation of a model that estimates the energy consumption associate with CO2 transportation using the geographic location of the source and the reservoir to incorporate ambient temperature and bathymetry data. The results of the validation work show an average absolute temperature and pressure error less than 1 °C and 1 bar compared to a reference model. The model has been developed using openly accessible data and is made available in a repository for open research data.
Highlights
There are currently 19 large-scale Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) projects in operation worldwide [1], but to achieve the level of CO2 emissions in the International Energy Agency’sSustainable Development Goals (SDGs) the number of industrial scale facilities will need to increase to more than 2000 by 2040 [2]
Each of these projects requires the transportation of CO2 from a point of origin to a storage location and, since the transportation distance is often significant, over 200,000 km of CO2 pipelines will be required by 2050 by CCS projects [3]
Less research has focused on ship-based transportation, there are still a large number of studies looking at both technical and economic aspects of CO2 shipping [17,18,19], and a particular focus being the energy consumption associated with the compression and liquefaction processes [20,21,22,23,24,25]
Summary
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) the number of industrial scale facilities will need to increase to more than 2000 by 2040 [2] Each of these projects requires the transportation of CO2 from a point of origin to a storage location and, since the transportation distance is often significant, over 200,000 km of CO2 pipelines will be required by 2050 by CCS projects [3]. Less research has focused on ship-based transportation, there are still a large number of studies looking at both technical and economic aspects of CO2 shipping [17,18,19], and a particular focus being the energy consumption associated with the compression and liquefaction processes [20,21,22,23,24,25]
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