Abstract
To improve efficiency of non-invasive monitoring of the internal brain temperature, a small-size single-channel microwave radiothermograph consisting of a miniature radiometer and a radiometric sensor based on a printed antenna was developed. Such solution is necessary to provide physicians with a system of non-invasive monitoring of diagnosis and treatment processes. Mathematical modeling and experimental verification of the technical solutions obtained are described in this paper. A miniature radiothermometer was developed. It is a balance modulation radiometer designed on the basis of the R.H. Dicke’s circuit with two loads. Taking into account the requirements of miniaturization, a radiometric sensor was developed by means of numerical simulation. As a result of calculations, optimum antenna dimensions were determined (the total size: o30 mm, the size of the foil flane substrate: o23 mm, dimensions of the emitter slot: 16 mm×2 mm). According to the mathematical modeling, the depth of detection of thermal anomalies was not less than 20 mm for the printed antenna which is practically the same as for the waveguide antenna successfully used at present in brain radiothermometry. The standing wave coefficient was determined for various head regions: frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital and the transient between the occipital and parietal regions. Experimental tests of the radiothermograph on water phantoms and biological objects have been carried out. A very good coincidence between the data of numerical simulation and the physical SWR experiment in a range of 1.04–1.8 was obtained. As a result of the study, it has been found that the radiothermograph with a printed slot antenna enabled measurement of internal brain temperature with an acceptable accuracy (±0.2 °C). This will ensure control of craniocerebral hypothermia in patients with brain stroke and allow doctors to promptly change the hypothermia tactics. Small size of the created unit will make it possible to combine it with medical robotic systems to improve treatment effectiveness.
Highlights
Cerebral crisis is a vital medical and social issue at present
In the structure of mortality, acute cerebrovascular accidents occupy the second place after acute coronary pathology and make up about 19 % of the total mortality rate
The results have shown a high sensitivity of radiometry in diagnostics of breast cancer
Summary
Cerebral crisis is a vital medical and social issue at present. Extending life span, population “aging” in developed countries, ever growing number of strokes among young people result in a growth of the general insult incidence. Magnetic resonance (MR) thermometry can be used to measure brain temperature [5] but this requires costly medical equipment, high-tech information technologies and additional scientific studies. Internal BO temperature is measured mainly by means of waveguide antennas of circular and rectangular shape [15, 16]. These antennas are designed to work with the mammary gland and are not quite suitable for detection of brain pathologies. The second important step is a switch to the use of the printed antennas To this end, it is necessary to adapt current technical solutions in the field of radiometry of mammary glands for their use in brain radiometry. Creation of a miniature device will enable effective, non-invasive measurement with an acceptable accuracy with no harm to the patient during a long time
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