Abstract
The performance of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) greatly depends on the various sub-system components and their architecture, and designers need comprehensive reviews of HEVs before vehicle investigation and manufacturing. Simulations facilitate development of virtual prototypes that make it possible to rapidly see the effects of design modifications, avoiding the need to manufacture multiple expensive physical prototypes. To achieve the required levels of emissions and hardware costs, designers must use control strategies and tools such as computational modeling and optimization. However, most hybrid simulation tools do not share their principles and control logic algorithms in the open literature. With this motivation, the author developed a hybrid simulation tool with a rule-based topology. The major advantage of this tool is enhanced flexibility to choose different control and energy management strategies, enabling the user to explore a wide range of hybrid topologies. The tool provides the user with the ability to modify any sub-system according to one’s own requirements. In addition, the author introduces a simple logic control for a rule-base strategy as an example to show the flexibility of the tool in allowing the adaptation of any logic algorithm by the user. The results match the experimental data quite well. Details regarding modeling principle and control logic are provided for the user’s benefit.
Highlights
The hybridization of the powertrain represents an important milestone on the way to CO2-neutral mobility
Vehicle speed data are needed, e.g., new European driving cycle (NEDC), worldwide harmonized light vehicles test cycle (WLTC), real driving emissions (RDE), etc., and based on the speed profile, the tool calculates the rotational speed of the wheels, the acceleration, and the total forces using the vehicle dynamics equations
The vehicle considered is a typical medium-sized European C-segment passenger car, which has the highest demand among the vehicle categories in Europe
Summary
The hybridization of the powertrain represents an important milestone on the way to CO2-neutral mobility. Most automobile manufacturers have several hybrid concepts in their portfolio. The requirements of emissions legislation vary strongly worldwide. Costs, complexity, driving performance and vehicle platform are other important decision criteria for the choice of a suitable hybrid concept. In light of stringent CO2 targets and long-term sustainability, hybrids are considered the most feasible solution in the short and medium term. Hybridization of the drivetrain has been implemented to varying degrees, from 48 V mild hybrids to strong hybrids and to plug-in hybrids, each with increasing degrees of electrification. The governments in various countries are encouraging the adoption of different degrees of electrified cars by mandating stringent emissions standards and providing various incentives and subsidies to buyers
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