Abstract
Ozone (O3) is a commonly known air pollutant that causes adverse health effects. This study developed a multi-level prediction model for conjunctivitis in outpatients due to exposure to O3 by using 3 years of ambient O3 data, meteorological data, and hospital data in Seoul, South Korea. We confirmed that the rate of conjunctivitis in outpatients (conjunctivitis outpatient rate) was highly correlated with O3 (R2 = 0.49), temperature (R2 = 0.72), and relative humidity (R2 = 0.29). A multi-level regression model for the conjunctivitis outpatient rate was well-developed, on the basis of sex and age, by adding statistical factors. This model will contribute to the prediction of conjunctivitis outpatient rate for each sex and age, using O3 and meteorological data.
Highlights
Air pollution is a significant global issue that has substantial effects on air quality, human health, earth hydrological cycle, and climate change (Correia et al, 2013; Lelieveld et al, 2015; Sicard et al, 2016; Duan et al, 2017)
The goal of this study was to develop a multi-level prediction model for conjunctivitis outpatient rate according to O3 and meteorological factors in Seoul, South Korea
The July–September data contained the highest values for temperature (24.7◦C), humidity (70.7%), and number of conjunctivitis outpatients (359.5), while between January and March data had lowest values for temperature (−0.8◦C), humidity (51.2%), and number of conjunctivitis outpatients (267.0)
Summary
Air pollution is a significant global issue that has substantial effects on air quality, human health, earth hydrological cycle, and climate change (Correia et al, 2013; Lelieveld et al, 2015; Sicard et al, 2016; Duan et al, 2017). The Clean Air Act recommends that the U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) build National Ambient Air Quality Standards for “six criteria air pollutants,” which include particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), lead, and ozone (O3) The six criteria air pollutants are known to cause a wide range of health effects, including respiratory (Guan et al, 2016), cardiovascular (Franklin et al, 2015), eye (Szyszkowicz et al, 2018), and skin diseases (Eastham et al, 2018). Among the six criteria air pollutants, O3 is commonly known as the most toxic component produced by photochemical reactions in the atmosphere (Seinfeld and Pandis, 2006). Bell et al (2004) revealed the relationship between O3 and short-term mortality in 95 communities in the United States
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