Development of 64-channel LSI with ultrafast analog and digital signal processing dedicated for photon-counting computed tomography with multi-pixel photon counter

Abstract

X-ray computed tomography (CT) is non destructive visualization inside the human body. Recently, X-ray photon-counting CT (PC-CT) has drawn attention for reducing the high doses used for patients and acquiring spectral information to identify materials. To enable photon-counting imaging with a wide region (∼60 mm long) of a small animal, we developed a photon-counting system using a 64-channel multi-pixel photon counter (MPPC) array with a fast temporal response (a few nanoseconds) and a very large signal gain (∼106), combined with a 64-channel yttrium–gadolinium–aluminum–gallium garnet scintillator array. In particular, to realize ultra-fast analog and digital signal processing (>10 MHz/channel), we developed a 64-channel large-scale integrated circuit (LSI) named MPPC-CT64. We had previously developed a 16-channel PC-CT system with a 16-channel LSI (MPPC-CT16). Although the MPPC-CT16 realized photon-counting imaging for a ∼16-mm-long phantom, there were some energy uncertainties in the LSI, which degraded the obtained CT image quality. The MPPC-CT64 implements a function for correcting the threshold energies and also increases the number of energy thresholds from four to six, which provides more precise measurements of CT values dependent on X-ray energy. In this paper, we briefly present the electric architecture and performance evaluation of the LSI combined with MPPCs.