Development of 3D environmental laser scanner using pinhole projection

Lateef Abd Zaid Qudr

doi:10.15587/1729-4061.2021.227629

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) information of capturing and reconstructing an object existing in its environment is a big challenge. In this work, we discuss the 3D laser scanning techniques, which can obtain a high density of data points by an accurate and fast method. This work considers the previous developments in this area to propose a developed cost-effective system based on pinhole projection concept and commercial hardware components taking into account the current achieved accuracy. A laser line auto-scanning system was designed to perform close-range 3D reconstructions for home/office objects with high accuracy and resolution. The system changes the laser plane direction with a microcontroller to perform automatic scanning and obtain continuous laser strips for objects’ 3D reconstruction. The system parameters were calibrated with Matlab’s built-in camera calibration toolbox to find camera focal length and optical center constraints. The pinhole projection equation was defined to optimize the prototype rotating axis equation. The developed 3D environmental laser scanner with pinhole projection proved the system’s effectiveness on close-range stationary objects with high resolution and accuracy with a measurement error in the range (0.05–0.25) mm. The 3D point cloud processing of the Matlab computer vision toolbox has been employed to show the 3D object reconstruction and to perform the camera calibration, which improves efficiency and highly simplifies the calibration method. The calibration error is the main error source in the measurements, and the errors of the actual measurement are found to be influenced by several environmental parameters. The presented platform can be equipped with a system of lower power consumption, and compact smaller size

Highlights

In order to enhance the implementation of different object designs and human-environment solutions for 3]. Three-dimensional (3D) printing purposes and object regenerations, advanced digital applications can have a considerable impact
The innovation of 3D scanners is important because it can settle the problems that are usually associated with the construction and design of existing objects
This process results in a «cloud of points» that includes thousands of 3-dimensional space points. This information provides an accurate representation of the scanned object. This data can be transformed into a 3D model

Summary

Introduction

In order to enhance the implementation of different object designs and human-environment solutions for 3D printing purposes and object regenerations, advanced digital applications can have a considerable impact. The innovation of 3D scanners is important because it can settle the problems that are usually associated with the construction and design of existing objects It can present better quality, more precise and faster analysis and feature detection for small or large-scale environment surveys [1]. The position in the 3D space of each scanned point on the object is recognized by determining the laser flight time (scanner-physical objects-scanner). This process results in a «cloud of points» that includes thousands of 3-dimensional space points. This information provides an accurate representation of the scanned object. Three-dimensional (3D) laser scanners require high resolution to reconstruct an accurate 3D model [4, 5]

Results

Discussion

Conclusion