Abstract
This study outlines the development history, applications, and future trends of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Monoclonal antibodies are highly homogeneous antibodies produced by fusing single B cell clones and myeloma cells, with high specificity and consistency. These characteristics make them widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, especially in oncology and virology research. The paper focuses on several key factors related to treatment, including PD1/PDL1, EGFR, and HER2, and explores their role in mAb therapy. In addition, this paper also analyzes the production cost and yield issues of mAbs and proposes corresponding improvement directions. Although mAbs have broad application prospects in the fields of malignant tumors, CVDs, and neurodegenerative diseases, their high cost remains an important challenge. The study suggests that in the future, attention should be paid to improving the stability of antibodies and reducing costs to promote their continued development in the field of biopharmaceuticals.
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