Abstract
Sugarcane is the most promising crop among renewable biofuels producers and one of the countries that produces the most green matter per unit area, whose greater limitations to productivity are mainly related to the adequate availability of water and mineral nutrients, in particular nitrogen (N). Based on the hypothesis that the source and the availability of nitrogen influence the growth, development and yield of irrigated sugarcane in the cerrado region. The objective of this study was evaluate the biometric variables and yield of irrigated sugarcane, in the cane-plant cycle, as affected by source and nitrogen rate. The soil utilized was an Oxisol (Rhodic Hapludox), cerrado (savannah) phase. The experiment was carried out at Farm of the Raízen Mill, located in the municipality of Jataí, Goias State, Brazil. The variety IACSP95-5000 was used in a randomized block design, analyzed in a split-split-plot scheme, with three replicates. The treatments were four N rates (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1); two fertilizer sources (urea and ammonium nitrate). The factors evaluated were in the plots of four doses of N (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1). In the subplot two sources of N (urea and ammonium nitrate) and as sub-subplot were represented by four evaluation periods (210, 250, 290 and 330 days after the planting-DAP). The irrigation was by sprinkling, in a central pivot. The evaluated variables were: plant height, stalk diameter, total number of leaf, leaf area, number of industrializable tillers, stalk yield, pointer yield and total recoverable sugars. The highest stalk yield, pointer yield and total recoverable sugars occurred at the average dose of 143.61 kg ha-1 of N, with an average increase of 25.87%.
Highlights
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is of great importance for the Brazilian energy sector, as it is an alternative energy source that is environmentally sustainable and renewable
In the analysis of variance, it was observed that the variable height plant (HP) have significant influence for the time factor, the stalk diameter variable (SD) was significant for the N rate factor and for the time factor alone, the variable internodes length (IL) was significant for the source and time factor alone and the variable internodes number (IN) was significant for the time factor, evidencing that the evaluation period had an effect during all phases of growth and development of sugarcane plant, and this response was dependent on the N rate factor for SD, and the N source factor for IL
For Diola and Santos (2010) the stalk growth phase starts from 120 Days after planting (DAP) and lasts up to 270 DAP, in a 12-month culture; this is the most important phase of the crop, because it is when the stalk formation occurs, which results in production; irrigation, fertilization, heat, humidity and ideal climatic conditions favor stretching; the maturation stage in cane-plant cultivation lasts from approximately 270 to 360 DAP and the synthesis and rapid accumulation of sugar occur during this phase, which is why vegetative growth is reduced
Summary
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is of great importance for the Brazilian energy sector, as it is an alternative energy source that is environmentally sustainable and renewable. The efficiency of sugarcane production has evolved in recent years according to the productive environments found. These gains in efficiency are the result of improvements in management practices and technology applied to sugarcane plantations. Nitrogen fertilization stands out as one of the cultural practices with the greatest demand for research on sugarcane, since N studies present very variable and often even contradictory results (Korndörfer et al, 2002). To Cabral Filho et al (2018) the appropriate application of agricultural inputs, contributes to the preservation of the environment, besides optimizing the enterprise’s profitability, as it allows greater productivity and minimizes waste
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