Abstract
The sugar and alcohol sector have invested heavily in technologies to increase the productivity of sugarcane and consequently the gross income of sugar and alcohol; among these practices irrigation and fertilization stands out. Based on the hypothesis that the source and the availability of nitrogen influence the growth, development and yield of irrigated sugarcane in the cerrado region, this study aimed to evaluate the accumulation of biomass and yield to define the best source and dose of nitrogen fertilization in irrigated sugarcane, in the cane-plant cycle, in a very clayey dystrophic Red Latosol, cerrado phase. The experiment was carried out at the Raízen Plant, located in the municipality of Jataí-GO. Brazil. The variety IACSP95-5000 was used in a randomized block experimental design, analyzed in a split-split-plot scheme, with four replicates. The factors evaluated were in the plots of four N rate (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1); In the split-plot two N sources (urea and ammonium nitrate) and as split-split-plot were represented by four evaluation periods (210, 250, 290 and 330 days after the planting-DAP). The irrigation was by sprinkling, performed by a central pivot. The highest gross sugar yield and gross alcohol yield in the average source of 131.72 kg N ha-1 had an average increase of 32.19%, compared to without N application 0 kg N ha-1.
Highlights
Sugarcane is a historically important and strategic agricultural crop for Brazil, presents an increasingly diversified and flexible production chain and directly contributes to making the Brazilian energy matrix cleaner and more renewable
In the analysis of variance, it was observed that there was a significant interaction between the dose and time factors for the variable dry matter of green leaves (DMGL), evidencing that the effect of the dose of nitrogen fertilization was dependent on the time of growth and development of sugarcane
The variables dry matter of dead leaves (DMDL) and dry pointer (DMPT) had a significant effect on the time factor, evidencing that the evaluation period had an effect during all growth stages of development of sugarcane
Summary
Sugarcane is a historically important and strategic agricultural crop for Brazil, presents an increasingly diversified and flexible production chain and directly contributes to making the Brazilian energy matrix cleaner and more renewable. Sugarcane producers and agro-industries in the sugar-alcohol sector have invested heavily in technologies to increase crop productivity and improve the industrial quality of the raw material (Dantas Neto et al, 2006), irrigation and fertilization can be mentioned as these investment in management (Lelis Neto, 2012). The improvement of the management techniques becomes necessary to reach the maximum efficiency in the use of the fertilization, aiming at maximum productivity, especially when dealing with nitrogen fertilization. Among the environmental factors that most influence the conversion of energy to sugar by the sugarcane crop, we can mention: solar energy (intensity, duration and quality); the concentration of CO2; the temperature; and the availability of water and nutrients, especially nitrogen (N), which has great importance for being a component of proteins, among other biomolecules (Gava et al, 2010). For Donaldson et al (2008) and Van Heerden et al (2010) when adequate water availability, solar radiation and high temperatures occurs, the nutrient supply becomes the main limiting factor and may affect the increase of the biomass accumulation
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