Abstract
BackgroundAntibiotics are routinely used on poultry for therapy and prevention of diseases and to enhance animal growth. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a sensitive and reliable liquid chromatography with UV detection (LC-UV) method for the simultaneous determination of seven multiclass antibiotic residues (amoxicillin, ampicillin, penicillin, sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and erythromycin) in chicken tissues.MethodsThe liquid chromatography method with UV detection was optimized for complete separation of the seven selected antibiotic compounds with reversed phase and isocratic elution using Hypersil BDS-C18 (3 µm, 100 mm × 4 mm) column. The mobile phase consisted a ratio of 0.05 M Na2HPO4, acetonitrile and methanol (70:10:20), at UV absorption wavelength of 230 nm. The column thermostat was set at 40 °C, the mobile phase flow rate was 1 mL min−1, and the injection volume was 20 μL.ResultsAll the seven standard compounds were eluted within 14 min. The results for: linearity, precision, sensitivity, accuracy, specificity, decision limit (CCα), detection capability (CCβ), suitability and method robustness were validated according to the criteria of Commission Decision 2002/657/EC guidelines. Calibration plot correlation coefficients ranged from 0.9983 to 0.9998 and the percent relative standard deviations for repeated analysis were below 5% indicating acceptable method precision. The limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) ranged from 0.098–0.255 μg kg−1 to 0.297–0.574 μg kg−1, respectively. The accuracy study yielded recoveries in the ranges 98.1–107% for the pure compounds and 94.0–102% for the spiked drug free chicken tissue samples.ConclusionsThe method was found to be appropriate for simultaneous determination of five different classes of seven antibiotic residues in chicken tissues. Furthermore, this is the first instance for the simultaneous determination of seven multiclass, multi-residues analysis using LC-UV from chicken tissue samples. This is a cost-effective and alternative method with simple instrumentation approach for laboratories that lack highly specialized state-of-the-art instrumentation.
Highlights
Antibiotics are routinely used on poultry for therapy and prevention of diseases and to enhance animal growth
Antibiotic standard compounds listed in Table 1 were a kind donation from Ethiopian Food and Drug Administration (EFDA)
The mobile phase solvent type and composition was selected according to the physicochemical properties of antibiotic drugs [29, 30]
Summary
Antibiotics are routinely used on poultry for therapy and prevention of diseases and to enhance animal growth. In poultry production amoxicillin is used to combat respiratory and other bacterial infections [6], ampicillin for promotion of growth, feed efficiency and stimulation of egg production [7], assistance in relieving stress [8], and rehydration of livestock [8]. Human exposure to the veterinary medicinal products through the uptake of their residues in poultry products has been linked to the development of allergic reactions in the hypersensitive individuals (e.g., penicillin) [6]; carcinogenicity (e.g., sulfamethazine, oxytetracycline, and furazolidone) [11]; hepatotoxicity, reproductive disorders, bone marrow toxicity (e.g., chloramphenicol) [6]; estrogenic, neurotoxicological effects, allergies (e.g., penicillin) [12] as well as induction and generation of resistant strains of human pathogenic bacteria [13]
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