Development and validation of knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaire for prevention of respiratory tract infections among Malaysian Hajj pilgrims

Mohammed Dauda Goni,Muhammad Rafie Arshad,Habsah Hasan,Tengku Mohammad Ariff Raja Hussin,Nyi Nyi Naing,Nadiah Wan-Arfah,Abdulwali Sabo Abdulrahman,Zakuan Zainy Deris,Wan Nor Arifin,Aisha Abubakar Baaba

doi:10.1186/s12889-020-8269-9

Abstract

BackgroundHajj pilgrimage faces numerous challenges including a high prevalence of respiratory tract infection as well as its prevention strategies. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) towards respiratory tract infections (RTIs) prevention among Malaysian Hajj pilgrims.MethodsThis study was conducted among Malaysian Umrah pilgrims in Malaysia from Kuala Lumpur and Kelantan. The questionnaire then underwent a series of validation process that included content, face validity and exploratory part. Item response theory (IRT) analysis was utilized for the validation of the knowledge domain. The attitude and practice were validated using the exploratory factor analysis (EFA).ResultsThe validation process resulted in a questionnaire that comprised of four main sections: demography, knowledge, attitude, and practice. Following IRT analysis of the knowledge domain, all items analyzed were within the acceptable range of difficulty and discrimination. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy (KMO) was 0.72 and 0.84 for attitude and practice domain respectively and Bartlett’s test of Sphericity for both domains were highly significant (P < 0.001). The factor analysis resulted in two factors with total of 12 items in attitude domain, and 2 factors with total of 13 items in the practice domain with satisfactory factor loading (> 0.3). The Cronbach’s alpha for reliability of the knowledge, attitude and practice domains all showed acceptable values of > 0.6 (0.92, 0.77 and 0.85).ConclusionThe findings of this validation and reliability study showed that the developed questionnaire had a satisfactory psychometric property for measuring KAP of Malaysian Hajj pilgrims.

Highlights

Hajj pilgrimage faces numerous challenges including a high prevalence of respiratory tract infection as well as its prevention strategies
Reliability is similar with precision and shows the extent to which the measurement tool is reproducible by determining its internal consistency [12]
The in-depth interview was conducted to aid the development of appropriate domains and items for incorporation in the questionnaire. This process assisted in distinguishing the items and local languages relating to respiratory tract infection (RTI) that were meaningful to the Hajj and Umrah pilgrims

Summary

Introduction

Hajj pilgrimage faces numerous challenges including a high prevalence of respiratory tract infection as well as its prevention strategies. Over 2 million Muslim pilgrims across the globe including thousands from Malaysia set out on the holy pilgrimage of Hajj in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia [1]. This event is characterized by high density of crowding and posed a potential risk for confined outbreaks as well as the spread of infectious agents to different parts of the world upon pilgrims return to their various countries. Reliability is similar with precision and shows the extent to which the measurement tool is reproducible by determining its internal consistency [12]

Objectives

Results

Discussion

Conclusion