Development and Validation of High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Residual N,N-Dimethylformamide in Spent Medium after Biodegradation by Paracoccus denitrificans SD1

Abstract

N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) is a toxic organic solvent commonly found in the textile and pharmaceutical industrial effluents. The DMF degradation was successfully archived by bacterial strain Paracoccus denitrificans SD1. The study demonstrates the high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) approach for the estimation of residual DMF in liquid medium. The investigation mainly focuses on the method development for the detection and quantification of DMF. The bacterium is capable of utilizing DMF (1% v/v) as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. Utilization of DMF by the bacterium was investigated at regular intervals of time to check the complete degradation at a particular period. The method was validated based on the precision, accuracy, limit of detection, and limit of quantification. Herein, the method was executed in liquid chromatographic condition which enables direct analysis of aqueous samples from the spent medium avoiding the extraction and prederivatization. This improved method allows estimation of residual DMF from the aqueous medium in adequate ranges of precision and accuracy with 99.17% and 99.43% recovery, respectively. The method was validated by investigating the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.2 and 0.40 mg/l, respectively. The method was found to be precise for detection of DMF by using liquid chromatography.