Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a scale that can measure the potential of adapting to Industry 4.0, which refers to the fourth industrial revolution described as a combination of the innovation of various digital technologies rapidly developed in recent years. In addition, the reliability and validity of the Industry 4.0 Adaptation Potential (4IRAPS) is demonstrated. This research was conducted in two stages of a pilot and a main study. The data was collected from 174 participants enrolled in technical and management departments at the graduate and associate degree levels of two different universities. A 50-item questionnaire concerning Industry 4.0 prepared by experts experienced in this field was applied to the participants. As a result of a factor analysis, 30 items and 11 subscales with low a factor load and reliability level were removed from the questionnaire. The reliability and validity of 4IRAPS were verified by” the analyses via PLS-SEM. Finally, the remaining four sub-dimensions referring to Industry 4.0 were labelled as interested, effort for adaptation, readiness, and pessimism. This study developed the first scale of the industry 4.0 adaptation potential. The scale consists of four sub-dimensions and 17 items. It was determined that this scale was statistically reliable and valid.
Highlights
Based on the technological developments, the industrial process has been split into generations, namely Industry 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0, and the current industrial generation has been called Industry 4.0
exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is used to identify cross-relationships between inter-level variables and the principal component analysis determines the items which can be combined in a factor (Leech et al, 2005)
The results of the analysis revealed that all the variance inflation factor (VIF) values were lower than threshold (5) and there was no multicollinearity problem
Summary
Based on the technological developments, the industrial process has been split into generations, namely Industry 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0, and the current industrial generation has been called Industry 4.0. Machines communicate with each other and a huge system can be managed from the interface in a center. The management of such a complex technological structure and human. Bauer and Wee (2015) defined Industry 4.0 as the industrial process where production is digitized with developments, such as managing large areas with little power, a surprising increase in the processing power of high volume data gathered by the extensive and intensive network relationship within the enterprise, analytical and business intelligence, touch interfaces, augmented reality systems with human-machine interaction, advanced robotic systems, and 3D printing digital images that can be turned into physical output
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