Abstract
This study proposes a building energy simulation (BES) model of an air-to-water heat pump (AWHP) system integrated with a multi-span greenhouse using the TRNSYS-18 program. The proposed BES model was validated using an experimental AWHP and a multi-span greenhouse installed in Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea (latitude 35.53° N, longitude 128.36° E, elevation 48 m). Three AWHPs and a water storage tank were used to fulfill the heat energy requirement of the three-span greenhouse with 391.6 m2 of floor area. The model was validated by comparing the following experimental and simulated results, namely, the internal greenhouse temperature, the heating load of the greenhouse, heat supply from the water storage tank to the greenhouse, heat pumps’ output water temperature, power used by the heat pumps, coefficient of performance (COP) of the heat pump, and water storage tank temperature. The BES model’s performance was evaluated by calculating the root mean square error (RMSE) and the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) coefficient of validation results. The overall results correlated well with the experimental and simulated results and encouraged adopting the BES model. The average calculated COP of the AWHP was 2.2 when the outside temperature was as low as −13 °C. The proposed model was designed simply, and detailed information of each step is provided to make it easy to use for engineers, researchers, and consultants.
Highlights
Greenhouse farming has increased rapidly in many countries, including South Korea
This study proposes a building energy simulation (BES) model of an air-to-water heat pump (AWHP) system integrated with a multi-span greenhouse using the TRNSYS-18 program
This study validates the proposed BES model of an AWHP system integrated with a multi-span greenhouse using the TRNSYS-18 program
Summary
Greenhouse farming has increased rapidly in many countries, including South Korea. Different heating and cooling systems are used to provide a favorable environment to crops inside the greenhouse. Fossil fuels are being used for heating and cooling, which increases production costs [1] and causes CO2 emissions and environmental pollution [2]. In South Korea, greenhouse heating costs have increased to 45% of the total production cost [3] because of continuous oil price increases. To reduce CO2 emissions and cope with the continuously increasing oil price, the South Korean government has promoted the use of new and renewable energy (NRE) sources for different purposes, including in the agriculture sector. The NRE law was executed in 2004, enforcing the installation of the NRE systems [4]
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