Abstract
Heavy oil is an important part of petroleum hydrocarbon energy. With the depletion of conventional crude oil reserves, successful and efficient exploitation of heavy oil resources is becoming increasingly important. This article focuses on the nine relatively mature heavy oil development technologies from the perspectives of the level of understanding of the mechanism and the scale of the mining field: steam huff and puff, steam flooding, steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD), in situ combustion, thermochemical combined flooding, multicomponent thermal fluid, polymer flooding, chemical viscosity reduction development, and microbial oil recovery, which are divided into two technical categories: thermal recovery and cold recovery development. The basic development principles are explained, and application examples of the two categories of techniques are provided. It is pointed out that thermal compounding, cold mining development, and nanomaterial applications will be the three development trends in heavy oil development.
Highlights
According to the classification method of the United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR), crude oil with a viscosity of >100 MPa s or a relative density of >0.934 g/cm3 is generally defined as heavy oil, which can be divided into two categories: heavy oil and asphalt
Heavy oil resources are very rich in the world, with geological reserves of about 815 billion tons, accounting for 70% of crude oil reserves
It is pointed out that thermal compounding, cold recovery development, and nanomaterial applications will be the three trends in heavy oil development
Summary
E injected steam transforms into a hot fluid in the formation, which drives the crude oil around the production well and is recovered to the surface It is an important technique and greatly increases the recovery of heavy oil reservoirs. The daily oil production increased from 278 tons before the implementation to 491 tons in 2017, and the recovery rate is expected to increase by 34.13% over the throughput At present, this technique is suitable for the expansion of the burial depth of the reservoir from 500 m to 1000 m, and it is an important production form for thick-layer, weak edge, and bottom water special/super heavy oil [19, 20]. Cold heavy oil Figure 4: Schematic diagram of in situ combustion
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