Abstract
Objective: To develop a valid and reliable questionnaire about knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards Covid-19 (KAPCovQ) in the general community based on psychometric properties.
 Methods: This study consisted of item development, scale development, and scale evaluation. Item development was based on literature review and content validity by experts. Scale development was conducted by pre-testing ten respondents. Scale evaluation was assessed using 375 respondents. Scale evaluation included construct validity with exploratory factor analysis (EFA) followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and reliability test with Cronbach’s α, composite reliability, and test-retest reliability.
 Results: The final KAPCovQ consisted of 3 domains with 31 items. Twelve items of the knowledge domain met the acceptable range for item analysis. Three factors of attitude domain and one factor of practice domain showed that 59.13% and 57.97% of the total variance respectively were identified in EFA. The result of the CFA for both attitude and practices domain indicated acceptable fit indices for the proposed model. The CFA model fit indices of attitude domain were χ2/df 2.05, p-value 0.01, GFI 0.92, RMSEA 0.07, TLI 0.90, CFI 0.92, and PNFI 0.64 and practices domain were χ2/df 1.18, p-value 0.28, GFI 0.98, RMSEA 0.03, TLI 0.98, CFI 0.99, and PNFI 0.54. Knowledge and all factors in the attitude and practice domain had an acceptable range in internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability.
 Conclusion: The finding of this study demonstrated that KAPCovQ is valid and reliable for measuring the KAP on Covid-19 in the general community.
Highlights
Covid-19 is a potentially fatal disease and a major global public health problem
The initial draft consisted of demographic information (7 closedended and multiple-choice questions) and three domains namely knowledge (30 items), attitude (18 items), and practice domain (7 items)
Five Likert scales were used for attitude from strongly disagree to strongly agree with the score from 1 to 5 and practice domain from never/seldom/sometimes/often/always with the score 1 to 5
Summary
Covid-19 is a potentially fatal disease and a major global public health problem. The development of the virus is very fast, positive cases and the number of deaths continues to increase [1]. There is no specific treatment for Covid-19, nonpharmaceutical interventions, especially prevention, should be maximized to slow the transmission of the virus spreading. Socialization and intensive health promotion efforts need to be carried out intensively and thoroughly that will have an impact on changes in cognitive, affective, and psychomotor communities in preventing Covid-19 [2]. Knowledge of the mode of transmission, symptoms, and prevention of infectious diseases plays an important role in efforts to suppress the spread of the virus. Knowing the causes and sources of transmission of disease can increase people's awareness of the spread of infectious diseases and take preventive measures to slow transmission. Appropriate knowledge plays an important role in shaping beliefs and attitudes toward specific behaviors [3, 4]
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