Development and In Vivo Characterization of Probiotic Lysate-Treated Chitosan Nanogel as a Novel Biocompatible Formulation for Wound Healing.

Yousef Ashoori,Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi,Milad Mohkam,Ahmad Gholami,Seyyed Alireza Hashemi,Seyedeh Narjes Abootalebi,Reza Heidari,Nasim Golkar,Nicholas Dunne

doi:10.1155/2020/8868618

Abstract

Wound healing is a physiological reaction to tissue injuries which plays a crucial role in replacing the destroyed tissues. Probiotics produce valuable compounds that possess antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, immunomodulatory effects, and angiogenesis traits leading to the promotion of wound healing. Chitosan nanostructures have versatile properties making them quickly produced into gels, scaffolds, nanoparticles, beads, and sponge structures that can be incorporated into wound healing processes. In the current study, three formulations from nanogel consisting of probiotic supernatant (Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Bacillus subtilis sp. natto)-loaded chitosan nanogels were prepared from the culture of corresponding cultures. The chitosan nanogels were previously characterized by Zetasizer, FTIR, and TEM. The prepared formulations' effectiveness and dressing activity were assessed by evaluating wound closure and histological trials in Sprague-Dawley rats. The results indicated that all probiotic lysate formulations have advantages over the wound healing process. However, Bacillus subtilis natto has a better wound healing quality, which is well known in pathology examination. The favorable effects of probiotic lysate nanogels, including the reasonable wound closing rate, good wound appearance, and satisfactory histological observation via in vivo examination, suggest it as a promising nominee for wound healing purposes.

Highlights

Wound healing, a network of complex biological processes involving many extracellular and intracellular macromolecules, plays a significant role in skin remodeling and reestablishing the skin barrier following damages [1, 2]
The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra showed the characteristics of Chitosan nanogel (CS-NG) bonds, and it was concluded that the inter- and intramolecular bonds of nanogel were well formed
The epithelization processes were complete in all groups except the control one at the end of day 14; in contrast, the inflammation in the control group was significantly high compared to all treated groups

Summary

Introduction

A network of complex biological processes involving many extracellular and intracellular macromolecules, plays a significant role in skin remodeling and reestablishing the skin barrier following damages [1, 2]. Chitosan nanogel (CS-NG) has been reported as a suitable natural biomedical polymeric nanosystem in wound healing [4]. They are superabsorbent of water and biological fluids to absorb more than 10–20% w/w distilled water. CS-NG visualized a sound polymeric bioagent delivery system having a high drug loading capacity, stability, and switching property against physical changes, including ionic strength, pH, and temperature They have especially been recommended for various pharmaceutical applications, including drug delivery, antimicrobial activity, and wound healing [6, 7]. A novel chitosan-based nanogel containing a probiotic supernatant complex was developed for skin delivery to promote the wound healing process. The in vivo wound healing evaluations in the rat model were performed, and the histological consequences have been assessed

Materials and Methods

Characterization of Nanogel

Results and Discussion

Conclusion