Development and evaluation of Zhumeria majdae essential oil-loaded nanoliposome against multidrug-resistant clinical pathogens causing nosocomial infection

Abstract

In this study, we used Zhumeria majdae essential oil (ZMEO) loaded nanoliposome (NLP) to control several multidrug-resistant clinical pathogens (MDRs) that cause nosocomial infections using thin-layer hydration. Initially, ZMEO was extracted and analyzed by GC-MS, and then NLP-ZMEO was examined with different ratios of ZMEO to lecithin. Based on evaluation of release profile and physical stability, size distribution, and particle size, using dynamic light scattering (DLS) results, the most stable NLP-ZMEO were prepared from ZMEO to lecithin ratio 1:3 that relative to pure ZMEO presented more potent antioxidant, anti-quorum sensing, and anti-biofilm activities. The morphology results (AFM and SEM) also agreed with DLS analysis. Also, the results of structural properties (DSC and FTIR) approved interaction between ZMEO and NLP. Comparing the cytotoxic effect on fibroblasts cell lines and antibacterial activity (MIC, MBC, and agar disc diffusion method), it was found that the antimicrobial activity in NLP-ZMEO was higher than ZMEO against multidrug-resistant clinical pathogens that cause nosocomial infection. The subcytotoxic values of the tested NLP-ZMEO were higher than MICs and MBCs for MDR bacteria and chlorhexidine doses.