Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop and assess a polyvinyl alcohol-cellulose derivatives-based film with incorporated povidone-iodine (PVP-I) predicted for applications in the treatment of periodontitis. Films were fabricated by solvent-casting, and their physical characteristics, such as their surface and structure morphology, mechanical properties, and disintegrating time, were evaluated. For in vitro iodine release studies and evaluation, the antimicrobial activity was tested using a modified disc diffusion method against five microbial strains. For further use, we selected the film with polyvinyl alcohol-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (PVA/HPMC_B) based on acceptable physicochemical properties. To assess the subacute toxicity of the film composition, the tissue regeneration process was tested in rats and compared to a conventional dressing commonly used in wound healing (Spongostan). Seven days after implantation, dorsal skin sections and blood samples (n = 10, in total n = 30) were examined. The wound area, epithelium, and dermis were evaluated microscopically, while the blood collected from the rats underwent biochemical analysis. The blood biochemistry results were comparable in all three groups. No significant histological differences between the Spongostan and the placebo film developed after subcutaneous implantation were observed. In contrast, the inflammation stage was reduced and the “scar” in the dermis was smaller when PVP-I and PVA/HPMC_B films were used. A smaller local inflammatory response inflicted less tissue damage, leading to the activation of subsequent regeneration phases and restoration of the area to its original state. The results obtained confirmed that PVP-I incorporated into PVA-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose film is a promising drug carrier, working faster and more effectively than the other two dressing materials evaluated. These developments provide a promising alternative in tissue regeneration and the wound healing process.
Highlights
The skin forms the outer layer of the integumentary system, and its thickness varies in different areas of the body
The products obtained from both cellulose derivatives were yellow, transparent, and characterized by different physical properties according to the two types of cellulose derivative
The higher applied viscosity of the carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt in formulation resulted in the collapse and roughness of the obtained film surface
Summary
The skin forms the outer layer of the integumentary system, and its thickness varies in different areas of the body. Skin is formed from bundles of collagen and elastic fibers suspended in a small amount of acellular basal material that contains inactive fibroblasts. When activated, these fibroblasts produce collagen, elastin, and the intercellular matrix. The skin is divided into three layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. The dermis (cutis vera) is located immediately under the epidermis and consists of a papillary layer and a reticular layer. It possesses collagen and elastic fibers, skin receptors, blood vessels, nerves, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands, as well as hair follicles. The subcutaneous tissue is the last and deepest layer (hypodermis, tela subcutanea) and consists of loose connective tissue with fat cells, lower hair roots, and glandular secretory units, as well as some receptors [1,2]
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