Abstract
BackgroundCampylobacter is a well-known bacterial pathogen for triggering acute gastroenteritis in humans both in developed and developing countries. This organism is highly resistant to fluoroquinolones. Macrolides are very much useful for the treatment of campylobacteriosis when clinical therapy is necessary. However, increasing resistance to azithromycin, a potent macrolide has been reported in Campylobacter in recent years. Macrolide resistance in Campylobacter is found mainly due to point mutation in V region of 23S rRNA.ResultsWe have developed a PCR based assay, which can detect the azithromycin resistant and sensitive Campylobacter strains utilizing mutation responsible for the phenotype. This PCR was validated using 359 Campylobacter strains isolated from diarrhoeal patients at Kolkata, India. Antimicrobial resistance through disk diffusion method was also performed on these strains as a gold standard. Studies through sequencing analysis further confirmed the PCR result.ConclusionThis study describes a simple and rapid method for detection of mutation conferring macrolide resistance with additional feature of identification of sensitive strains.
Highlights
Campylobacter is a well-known bacterial pathogen for triggering acute gastroenteritis in humans both in developed and developing countries
Amplification using the resistant specific primers (23s rRNA-Campy-1912F and 23s rRNA-Campy-2075 R) yielded a 183-bp amplicon from the azithromycin resistant strain (BCH 00521) containing the A2075G mutation but no amplicon was found from sensitive strain NCTC 11168
Our newly developed PCR method describes about a low cost method with additional feature of identification of azithromycin sensitive strains with resistant ones
Summary
Campylobacter is a well-known bacterial pathogen for triggering acute gastroenteritis in humans both in developed and developing countries. This organism is highly resistant to fluoroquinolones. Increasing resistance to azithromycin, a potent macrolide has been reported in Campylobacter in recent years. Reports from Sub-Saharan-Africa demonstrated low level of resistance towards macrolides from human Campylobacter isolates but high level of resistance from cattle isolates [18,19,20]. High level of macrolide resistance has been reported among human clinical Campylobacter isolates from developed parts of Africa [7, 21]. Development and spread of resistance to macrolides among Campylobacter will significantly limit options for clinical treatment
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