Abstract
Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm) is the causative agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP). Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a viral disease of cattle caused by lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV). LSD and CBPP are both transboundary diseases spreading in the same areas of Africa and Asia. A combination vaccine to control CBPP and LSD offers significant value to small-scale livestock keepers as a single administration. Access to a bivalent vaccine may improve vaccination rates for both pathogens. In the present study, we evaluated the LSDV/CBPP live combined vaccine by testing the generation of virus neutralizing antibodies, immunogenicity, and safety on target species. In-vitro assessment of the Mycoplasma effect on LSDV growth in cell culture was evaluated by infectious virus titration and qPCR during 3 serial passages, whereas in-vivo interference was assessed through the antibody response to vaccination. This combined Mmm/LSDV vaccine could be used to protect cattle against both diseases with a single vaccination in the endemic countries. There were no adverse reactions detected in this study and inoculated cattle produced high levels of specific antibodies starting from day 7 post-vaccination, suggesting that this combination vaccine is both safe and effective.
Highlights
Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm) is the causative agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), a severe, contagious respiratory disease affecting cattle and characterized by anorexia, fever, and respiratory signs such as dyspnea, polypnea, cough and nasal discharges) [1]
The lamb Testis cells sensitivity to Lumpy skin disease (LSD) virus cocultured with Mmm strain was evaluated by the appearance of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) cytopathic effect and the level of virus accumulation
LSDV induced round cells named Guarnieri bodies (Figure 1B). These bodies are slow to spread on the cell monolayer, whereas, Mmm mycoplasma had no visible effect on lamb testis (LT) cells after 4 days incubation (Figure 1A); pox virus cytopathogenic effect (CPE) was noticed 2–3 days post-infection (DPI)
Summary
Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm) is the causative agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), a severe, contagious respiratory disease affecting cattle and characterized by anorexia, fever, and respiratory signs such as dyspnea, polypnea, cough and nasal discharges) [1]. LSDV transmission takes place by bloodfeeding arthropods [9,10,11] The disease can manifest in different forms ranging from acute to unapparent, characterized by fever, lymphadenitis, skin nodules, lesions of the ocular, nasal, and oral mucous membranes, and can, in severe forms, sometimes lead to death—at around 10% mortality rate [12,13]. It can cause important economic losses within a cattle population, such as a drop in milk production, weight loss, skin damage and temporary or permanent sterility in both bulls and cows [14]
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