Development and characterization of biocomposite films using banana pseudostem, cassava starch and poly(vinyl alcohol): A sustainable packaging alternative

Abstract

To meet the need for sustainable packaging, we introduce a novel biocomposite film consisting of banana pseudostem, cassava starch, and poly(vinyl alcohol). We aimed to evaluate the optimal biocomposite film composition, which is characteristic for packaging materials. Using the solvent casting method, we produced biocomposite films with varying proportions (10–40 % w/w) of the lignocellulosic component from both Sour and Ash Plantain banana pseudostems. The resulting biocomposite films were characterized for mechanical, chemical, thermal, water absorption, gas permeability, and morphological properties. At the 25 % lignocellulosic level, a notable drop (P < 0.05) in tensile strength and elongation was observed, while water absorption increased, and gas permeability decreased. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis revealed insights into the structural attributes of lignocellulosic composites. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated an onset temperature of 120 °C for thermal degradation, confirming the biocomposite's thermal stability. A fundamental discovery emerged with the optimal composition at a 30 % pseudostem powder inclusion, offering an exceptional balance of tensile strength, elongation at break, water absorption, and gas permeability. This breakthrough holds significant implications for eco-friendly biocomposite films, particularly in food packaging. Future work may be undertaken to further explore banana pseudostems' potential in creating biocomposite films with advanced functionalities and their broader applications, including characterizations.