Development and application of microporous hollow fiber protected liquid-phase microextraction via gaseous diffusion to the determination of phenols in water

Abstract

A new organic solvent-free microextraction technique termed liquid–gas–liquid microextraction (LGLME) was developed. In this technique, a small amount (6 μl) of aqueous acceptor solution (0.5 M NaOH) is introduced into the channel of a 2.65 cm polypropylene hollow fiber. The hollow fiber is then immersed in an aqueous sample donor solution. The aqueous acceptor phase in the channel of the hollow fiber is separated from the sample solution by the hydrophobic microporous hollow fiber wall with air inside its pores. The analytes (phenols) passed through the microporous hollow fiber membrane by gas diffusion and were then trapped by the basic acceptor solution. After extraction, the acceptor solution was withdrawn into a microsyringe and injected into a capillary electrophoresis sample vial for subsequent analysis. Limits of detection of between 0.5 and 10 μg/l for eight phenols could be achieved. The relative standard deviations ( n = 6) of this technique between 2.7 and 7.6%. The technique also provides good enrichment factors for all the eight analytes.