Developing two benchmark models for nearly zero energy schools

Abstract

The aim of this study is to develop an energy performance data set and two building performance simulation benchmark models for high performance schools in Belgium. The study reports the results of an inventory and field survey conducted on nearly Zero Energy Schools (nZES) and Passive House Schools (PHS) constructed after year 2013. An analysis of energy consumption (electricity and natural gas) and a walkthrough survey were conducted during May 2018. The energy consumption analysis was done for the occupancy period of 2015–2018 based on monthly consumption data. Two building performance simulation models are created in EnergyPlus to benchmark the average energy consumption and building characteristics. The validity of the estimate has been further checked against the public statistics and verified through model calibration and utility bill comparison. The paper provides a timely opportunity to evaluate the real performance of nZES, in relation to design assumptions and how schools’ professionals can turn the energy performance gap challenge to their advantage. The findings on energy needs and use intensity are useful in temperate and continental climates.