Abstract
Plant tolerance against air pollutants from industrial estate can be assessed based on the change of physiological parameters calculated according to APTI (Air Pollution Tolerance Index by Singh). However, based on previous research, APTI formulation was less accurate, the results obtained between macroscopic and physiological observations are not always sync. Additional physiological parameters, i.e. total carbohydrates as main product of photosynthesis process was need to be examined. Therefore, purpose of this study were to examine the physiological parameters that indicate the level of tolerance of plants sensitivity to air pollution and to analyze the level of tolerance of tree species to air pollution in industrial estate. The method used in this research were survey method, along with macroscopic parameters (leaf area, leaf number, and leaf hue), microscopic parameters (stomatal density, leaf and palisade thickness) and physiological parameters (ascorbic acid content, total chlorophyll, leaf pH, water content, and total carbohydrate)observation of tree species which exposed to pollution and non-pollution (control). The results of this research showed that total carbohydrate as an additional parameter affected the level of tolerance by 49.2% and thus modified the APTI formulation and changed the classification range of plants tolerance. Results showed that the tolerant plants were Polyalthia longifolia Sonn.,Polyalthia fragrans (Dalzell) Hook. f. & Thomson, Erythrina crista-galli L., and Casuarina junghuhniana Miq.; moderate tolerance were Hibiscus tiliaceus L., Samanea saman (Jacq.)Merr. and Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth; and intolerant were Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit, Pterocarpus indicus Wild., and Swietenia mahagoni L.
Highlights
Cilegon City is one of the industrial cities in Indonesia and became an industrial estate in West Banten areas
Plants tolerance measured by APTI was obtained by calculated the ascorbic acid content, chlorophyll, pH, and relative water content based on APTI (Air Pollution Tolerance Index) formula (Singh et al, 1991): A (T P ) R APTI
The results showed that the color scores of polluted leaf plants were higher than controls on plant species H. tilliaceus, S. saman, P. indicus, E. crista-galli, S. mahagoni, and C. junghuhniana
Summary
Cilegon City is one of the industrial cities in Indonesia and became an industrial estate in West Banten areas. According to Rahmat (2014) air condition in Ciwandan Subdistrict of Cilegon city that located directly to Krakatau Industrial Estate Cilegon cause the increasing number of people suffering the Under Respiratory Infection (URI) This matter indicated that the poor air quality in industrial estates was caused by the air pollution. Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) was used by landscape expert as one of the selection criterias to determined the type of plants that were tollerance to air pollution (Liu and Ding, 2007 Rai, 2013) This APTI method had a weakness, which was the unsynchronized result beetwen macroscopic and physiological observations (Sulitijorini et al, 2008). With the addition of total carbohydrate parameter in this physiological observation, a more accurate tolerance level would be obtainaed as a reference to determined the type of plants that are tolerant to air pollution. Purpose of this study were to examine the physiological parameters that indicate the level of tolerance of plants sensitivity to air pollution and to analyze the level of tolerance of tree species to air pollution in industrial estate
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