Developing PETTLEP Imagery Model to Improve Self-Efficacy of Karate Athletes

Abstract

This study aims to develop the PETTLEP Imagery training model to improve self-efficacy of karate athletes. It is a research and development which used ADDIE model. The development of this training model involved four expert lecturers in sport psychology and coaching science as validators. The sample was 59 karate athletes aged 20.2±3.5 with 7.8±8.4 years of training experience, which were grouped for small-scale, large-scale, and effectiveness tests. The results of this study validated this training program using the Aiken V formula with a value of 0.880 so that the program was declared valid. Small-scale trials on 12 karate athletes showed a feasibility level of 80%, and large-scale trials on 30 athletes showed a feasibility level of 86%. Then, the effectiveness test using the t-test on 17 athletes showed a significance value of 0.000<0.05 and t of 4.284. Thus, PETTLEP Imagery has a significant and positive effect on self-efficacy of karate athletes. In conclusion, the PETTLEP Imagery model has substantial implications for improving the self-efficacy of karate athletes in various ages and skill levels. From the results, it is expected that this study can provide insight into academics, coaches, and especially athletes in terms of providing appropriate, effective, and efficient training programs. Further studies need to explore the effect of PETTLEP Imagery on athletes’ psychological and performance aspects. Keywords: PETTLEP Imagery, Self-Efficacy, Karate