Developing Equations for Converting Digestible Energy to Metabolizable Energy for Korean Hanwoo Beef Cattle

Abstract

Simple SummaryThe available energy in feedstuff represents the largest proportion of the total cost for intensive beef production. Therefore, the energy content of feeds must be known before diet formulation. The determination of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) values by animal experiments is both time-consuming and costly. Predictive equations to estimate the ME from DE can be useful for feed ingredient evaluations and diet formulations. A range of regression equations were developed in the present study, taking into consideration the gender and body weights of the animals, as well as the feed nutrients, to predict the relationship between the DE and ME. An evaluation of these equations suggested predicting the ME value based on ME = 0.9215 × DE − 0.1434 (R2 = 0.999). The generation of these predictive equations represents a step towards updating the ME:DE default conversion factor value of 0.82 adopted from the National Research Council to meet the ME requirements of beef cattle in Korea. The new recommended predictive equation enables the adjustment of the nutrient requirements, thus enhancing animal productivity and maximising the economic return for beef farmers.This study was performed to update and generate prediction equations for converting digestible energy (DE) to metabolizable energy (ME) for Korean Hanwoo beef cattle, taking into consideration the gender (male and female) and body weights (BW above and below 350 kg) of the animals. The data consisted of 141 measurements from respiratory chambers with a wide range of diets and energy intake levels. A simple linear regression of the overall unadjusted data suggested a strong relationship between the DE and ME (Mcal/kg DM): ME = 0.8722 × DE + 0.0016 (coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.946, root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.107, p < 0.001 for intercept and slope). Mixed-model regression analyses to adjust for the effects of the experiment from which the data were obtained similarly showed a strong linear relationship between the DE and ME (Mcal/kg of DM): ME = 0.9215 × DE − 0.1434 (R2 = 0.999, RMSE = 0.004, p < 0.001 for the intercept and slope). The DE was strongly related to the ME for both genders: ME = 0.8621 × DE + 0.0808 (R2 = 0.9600, RMSE = 0.083, p < 0.001 for the intercept and slope) and ME = 0.7785 × DE + 0.1546 (R2 = 0.971, RMSE = 0.070, p < 0.001 for the intercept and slope) for male and female Hanwoo cattle, respectively. By BW, the simple linear regression similarly showed a strong relationship between the DE and ME for Hanwoo above and below 350 kg BW: ME = 0.9833 × DE − 0.2760 (R2 = 0.991, RMSE = 0.055, p < 0.001 for the intercept and slope) and ME = 0.72975 × DE + 0.38744 (R2 = 0.913, RMSE = 0.100, p < 0.001 for the intercept and slope), respectively. A multiple regression using the DE and dietary factors as independent variables did not improve the accuracy of the ME prediction (ME = 1.149 × DE − 0.045 × crude protein + 0.011 × neutral detergent fibre − 0.027 × acid detergent fibre + 0.683).