Abstract
The building sector consumed a total of 580 million tons-coal equivalent (Mtce) terminal energy in China in 2018 including 1888 terawatt-hours (TWh) electricity, accounting for 20.2% of total terminal energy consumption in this country. As the capital of China, Beijing is striving to improve the air quality while ensuring power and heat supply due to heavy reliance on electricity intake from other energy-rich provinces. The distributed photovoltaic, as a flexible application of renewable energy systems in urban and rural regions, can contribute to the power supply for rapid urbanization and mitigate the negative environmental impact of fossil energy use. In the context of grid parity, this article provides a systematic analysis of solar resource potential, power generation economics and policy support for the rooftop photovoltaic (PV) system in Beijing. The deployment potential of rooftop PV is estimated to be 11.47 GW and the large-scale commercial rooftop PV is approaching grid parity. Furthermore, this article discusses the feasibility of large-scale distributed PV deployment in Beijing by considering distributed electricity trade envisioned the ongoing power market reform in China.
Highlights
Solar PV and wind power are currently obtaining great opportunity for installation expansion and technological innovation around the world
The deployment potential of rooftop PV depends on the available roof of commercial and residential buildings, which is evaluated by Digital Elevation Model (DEM) based on advanced digital and spatial techniques coupled with distinct building roof features
The large-scale rooftop PV more than 1 MW is appreciated to installation in the commercial zones and office buildings, and the small-scale distributed photovoltaic (DPV) can be installed in residential buildings
Summary
Solar PV and wind power are currently obtaining great opportunity for installation expansion and technological innovation around the world. Solar PV is more universal and feasible for end-use sectors than clean energy such as hydropower, wind power, and biomass, because the rooftop PV can be installed on the demand side (IRENA, 2019). In this context, solar PV is one of the most promising options with an infinite sunlight resource and environmental sustainability to cover the evolving landscape for the integration of variable renewable power (Chitra and Himavathi, 2013; Bye et al, 2018). New data from IRENA shows that about 25 million people obtain a higher level of Developing Distributed PV in Beijing renewable energy services through solar home systems or connection to a solar mini-grid (IRENA, 2016). International experiences may provide insight that the successful applications of solar PV contribute energy supply and conservation in the building sector (Bansal and Goel, 2000; Radhi, 2010; Sadineni et al, 2012; Emziane and Al Ali, 2015)
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