Developing comic strips promoting diabetic retinopathy screening in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, using Intervention Mapping.

Abstract

IntroductionIntervention Mapping is the protocol used by the Kilimanjaro Diabetic Programme to plan, develop, implement, and evaluate an evidence-based screening programme for diabetic retinopathy. Two comic strips were developed to deliver the message on the need for diabetic retinopathy screening.ObjectivesThe first objective was to develop a culturally appropriate and accessible health message to promote diabetic retinopathy screening for the target audience. The second objective was to deliver a motivational message to promote acceptance of diabetic retinopathy screening irrespective of past eye health behaviour.MethodsA multi-method research design was used. Social cognitive theory provided the theoretical basis for the intervention, involving community participation to promote positive eye health behaviour.ResultsFor the Draughts Comic Strip, Flesch-Kincaid readability was 75.7% and comprehension was 87.04%, and for the Soap Opera Comic Strip Flesch-Kincaid readability was 75.6% and comprehension was 86.54%.ConclusionThe development of the diabetic retinopathy comic strips was a positive health education strategy implemented during a clinical trial comparing methods of screening for diabetic retinopathy at the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre Hospital. The level of comprehension of the comic strips by stakeholders indicated their understanding of the message. Patients enroled in the clinical trial requested the comic strips. No discarded comic strips were found in the clinic during the clinical trial.Trial registrationTrial registration number: ISRCTN31439939. Details available at https://www.isrctn.com/.