Developing a sensitive voltammetric platform constructed with dysprosium nanoparticles supported on gadolinium oxide–carbon nanotube for the determination of centrophenoxine

Abstract

This study reports the development of a sensitive voltammetric method of analysis based upon the impact of dysprosium oxide (Dy2O3) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3). The electrochemically active surface area of Dy2O3@Gd2O3-MWCNTs/GCE had the highest value of 0.495 cm2 of electrochemically active surface area compared to the other electrodes. The proposed platform (Dy2O3@Gd2O3-MWCNTs/GCE) was applied for the sensitive voltammetric determination of centrophenoxine. The novel platform exhibited improved the voltammetric behavior of centrophenoxine in respect to catalytic oxidation and value of the current response owing to high impact of Dy2O3 on synergistic effect between Gd2O3 and MWCNTs. A linear concentration range of 1.0 × 10−7 ∼ 1.7 × 10−5 M with a detection limit of 1.9 × 10−8 M was obtained by the proposed platform. Average recoveries of 98.5 % − 101.3 % with low relative standard deviation (RSD%) values in urine confirmed that Dy2O3@Gd2O3-MWCNTs/GCE produces reliable measurements for the determination of centrophenoxine.