Developing a modified electrode based on La3+/Co3O4Nanocubes and its usage to electrochemical detection of venlafaxine

Abstract

ABSTRACTAs an antidepressant, venlafaxine regulates absorbing serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. As venlafaxine strongly affects treating melancholia and depression, it has a global widespread to treat such diseases. This research aimed to develop a very sensitive electro-chemical screen-printed electrode (SPE) modified via La3+/Co3O4 nano-cubes to detect venlafaxine with high validity. Synthesising La3+/Co3O4 nano-cubes has been performed through an easy hydro-thermal technique under optimum synthesis conditions and described via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Electrochemical techniques, including chronoamperometry (CHA), different pulse voltammetry (DPV), cyclic voltammetry (CV) methods have been used to monitor venlafaxine. An enhancement of the peak current of oxidation and changing to less positive potentials in comparison with the bare SPE confirmed contribution of the modified electrode to the reaction acceleration. DPV outputs showed higher sensitivities to detect venlafaxine in 1.0–500.0 μM and determination limit of 0.5 μM (S/N = 3). Such a disposable sensor has been satisfactorily used in real specimens.